Antipsychotics
Antipsychotic drugs were the first drugs used by psychiatry to sedate patients. During the early 1950's, this class of drug was primarily used as a sedation method before surgery and the calming effect is what prompted the drug companies to become involved with additional uses, such as mental issues. The side effect profile of the first antipsychotics were severe and over the next decades the drug companies scurried to develop a new class of antipsychotic medication that did not have the stigma of this original class.
The Atypical Antipsychotic Medication Developed
This day and age, the new atypical antipsychotics far outweigh the prescription of the first antipsychotics due to the assumption of lower side effect risk. As time passed, the scientific community came to realize that was not the case. The specific severe side effect might have changed, but that is all that happened, the side effect profile changed.
Diabetes mellitus and the fatal diabetic ketoacidosis are now common in the United States as well as other insulin related disorders. Weight gain from all types of antipsychotics is a common side effect and needs to be addressed by the patient and the physician if long-term survival is the goal of treatment. To be blunt, if you want your patient to only live a fraction of the time they could have, prescribe them antipsychotic medication and do not do anything to help the body cope with insulin resistance, obesity, lipid peroxidation, immune response and heart conditions. If you wish your patient a long and healthier life along with antipsychotic medication usage, you will instruct your patient on how to reduce these negative conditions and continually check your patients health, not just their mental state.
With Seroquel, Abilify and Zyprexa being prescribed like candy in the year 2011, there is no other words to use except the harsh tones from the above paragraph. Seroquel is prescribed now to help with sleep as well as for mild anxiety and the prescriptions of these drugs are being written to children as young as 2-years old at alarming rates.
Clinical studies can be found below on several of the antipsychotic medications listed on this site and you can click the individual drug names on the left side of each page for additional information. Reducing the activation of the JNK gene and reducing the insulin resistance associated with taking an antipsychotic medication is the first place to start in order to regain physical health and to lose the weight.
If you click any of the links provided below, just click the back arrow on your browser to return to this web site.
Association of serum retinol binding
protein 4 with insulin resistance and metabolic parameters during olanzapine
therapy.
Toktam F, Mania R, Elahe A, Homayoun A, Mohsen RH, Bagher L. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf).
2011 Jun 28. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04150.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:21711373 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Relaxin polymorphisms associated with
metabolic disturbance in patients treated with antipsychotics.
Munro J, Skrobot O, Sanyoura M, Kay V, Susce MT, Glaser PE, de Leon J, Blakemore
AI, Arranz MJ. J Psychopharmacol. 2011 Jun 21. [Epub ahead of print] PMID:
21693553 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Olanzapine effects on body composition,
food preference, glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in the rat.
Smith GC, Vickers MH, Shepherd PR. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2011 Jun 15. [Epub
ahead of print] PMID: 21671852 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Serum Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic
Factor and Cortisol to Sulfate of Dehydroepiandrosterone Molar Ratio Associated
With Clinical Response to l-Theanine as Augmentation of Antipsychotic Therapy in
Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder Patients.
Miodownik C, Maayan R, Ratner Y, Lerner V, Pintov L, Mar M, Weizman A, Ritsner
MS. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2011 May 24. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21617527
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related
citations
Metformin: an effective attenuator of
risperidone-induced insulin resistance hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in rats.
Adeneye AA, Agbaje EO, Olagunju JA. Indian J Exp Biol. 2011 May;49(5):332-8.
PMID: 21615056 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Severe recurrent hypoglycaemia following
discontinuation of olanzapine.
Steven S, Nayar R. Acute Med. 2011;10(1):32-4. PMID: 21573263 [PubMed - indexed
for MEDLINE] Related
citations
The acute effects of olanzapine on ghrelin
secretion, CCK sensitivity, meal size, locomotor activity and body temperature.
van der Zwaal EM, Merkestein M, Lam YK, Brans MA, Luijendijk MC, Bok LI, Verheij
ER, la Fleur SE, Adan RA. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011 May 10. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 21556042 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Differential effects of olanzapine and
risperidone on plasma adiponectin levels over time: Results from a 3-month
prospective open-label study.
Wampers M, Hanssens L, van Winkel R, Heald A, Collette J, Peuskens J, Reginster
JY, Scheen A, De Hert M. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011 Apr 19. [Epub ahead of
print] PMID: 21511441 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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citations
Atypical antipsychotic medications increase
postprandial triglyceride and glucose levels in male rats: relationship with
stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity.
McNamara RK, Jandacek R, Rider T, Tso P, Cole-Strauss A, Lipton JW. Schizophr
Res. 2011 Jun;129(1):66-73. Epub 2011 Apr 7. PMID: 21474290 [PubMed - in
process]
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α2-adrenoceptor regulation of blood
glucose homeostasis.Fagerholm V, Haaparanta M, Scheinin M. Basic Clin
Pharmacol Toxicol. 2011 Jun;108(6):365-70. doi:
10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00699.x. Epub 2011 Apr 11. PMID: 21418144 [PubMed - in
process]
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Intermittent treatment with olanzapine
causes sensitization of the metabolic side-effects in rats.
Boyda HN, Procyshyn RM, Tse L, Wong D, Pang CC, Honer WG, Barr
AM.Neuropharmacology. 2011 Mar 2. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21376062 [PubMed -
as supplied by publisher]
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Metabolic effects of olanzapine in patients
with newly diagnosed psychosis.
Fernandez-Egea E, Miller B, Garcia-Rizo C, Bernardo M, Kirkpatrick B. J Clin
Psychopharmacol. 2011 Apr;31(2):154-9. PMID: 21346617 [PubMed - in process]
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No mental health without physical health.
Tiihonen J, Lönnqvist J, Wahlbeck K, Klaukka T, Niskanen L, Tanskanen A, Haukka
J. Lancet. 2011 Feb 19;377(9766):611. No abstract available. PMID: 21334517
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Antipsychotics and metabolics in the
post-CATIE era.
Meyer JM. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2010;4:23-42. Review. PMID: 21312396 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
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Triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein
cholesterol ratio: a surrogate to predict insulin resistance and low-density
lipoprotein cholesterol particle size in nondiabetic patients with
schizophrenia.
Fan X, Liu EY, Hoffman VP, Potts AJ, Sharma B, Henderson DC.J Clin Psychiatry.
2011 Jun;72(6):806-12. Epub 2010 Nov 2. PMID: 21208572 [PubMed - in process]
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Abnormal correlation between serum leptin
levels and body mass index may predict metabolic dysfunction irrespective of the
psychopharmacological treatment.Marquina
D, Peña R, Fernández E, Baptista T. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011
May;26(3):169-72. PMID: 21164350 [PubMed - in process]
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Use of clinical markers to identify
metabolic syndrome in antipsychotic-treated patients.
Jin H, Meyer J, Mudaliar S, Henry R, Khandrika S, Glorioso DK, Kraemer H, Jeste
D. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010 Oct;71(10):1273-8. PMID: 21062616 [PubMed - indexed
for MEDLINE]
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Hyperinsulinemia associated with overweight
medicated bipolar patients during full remission.
Chung KH, Tsai SY. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2010 Dec;64(6):620-4. doi:
10.1111/j.1440-1819.2010.02137.x. Epub 2010 Oct 12. PMID: 21040189 [PubMed -
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A four-year naturalistic prospective study
of cardiometabolic disease in antipsychotic-treated patients.
Mackin P, Waton T, Watkinson HM, Gallagher P. Eur Psychiatry. 2010 Oct 29. [Epub
ahead of print] PMID: 21036552 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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A crossover study on the glucose metabolism
between treatment with olanzapine and risperidone in schizophrenic patients.
Sato Y, Yasui-Furukori N, Furukori H, Saito M, Nakagami T, Kaneko S. Exp Clin
Psychopharmacol. 2010 Oct;18(5):445-50. PMID: 20939648 [PubMed - indexed for
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Relationship between insulin resistance and
C-reactive protein in a patient population treated with second generation
antipsychotic medications.
Kim SH, Reaven G, Lindley S. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011 Jan;26(1):43-7.
PMID: 20861740 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Beneficial effect of the insulin sensitizer
(HSP inducer) BGP-15 on olanzapine-induced metabolic disorders.
Literáti-Nagy B, Péterfai E, Kulcsár E, Literáti-Nagy Z, Buday B, Tory K, Mandl
J, Sümegi B, Fleming A, Roth J, Korányi L. Brain Res Bull. 2010 Nov
20;83(6):340-4. Epub 2010 Sep 16. PMID: 20849938 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers
improve insulin sensitivity in patients with schizophrenia being treated with
olanzapine.
Yamashita H, Yoda H, Kuroki N, Kuwabara M, Odagaki Y, Kazawa T, Toyoshima R,
Maruki T. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2011 Jan;213(1):1-9. Epub 2010 Sep 4. PMID:
20820759 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Central nervous system delivery of the
antipsychotic olanzapine induces hepatic insulin resistance.
Martins PJ, Haas M, Obici S. Diabetes. 2010 Oct;59(10):2418-25. Epub 2010 Aug 3.
PMID: 20682682 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free Article
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Preclinical models of antipsychotic
drug-induced metabolic side effects.
Boyda HN, Tse L, Procyshyn RM, Honer WG, Barr AM. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2010
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Olanzapine increases cell mitotic activity
and oligodendrocyte-lineage cells in the hypothalamus.
Yamauchi T, Tatsumi K, Makinodan M, Kimoto S, Toritsuka M, Okuda H, Kishimoto T,
Wanaka A. Neurochem Int. 2010 Nov;57(5):565-71. Epub 2010 Jul 17. PMID: 20643174
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Insulin resistance and metabolic profile in antipsychotic naïve schizophrenia
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Polymorphisms of the LEP- and LEPR genes,
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Fernández E, Carrizo E, Fernández V, Connell L, Sandia I, Prieto D, Mogollón J,
Valbuena D, Fernández I, de Baptista EA, Baptista T. Schizophr Res. 2010
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Impaired glycolytic response in peripheral
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Herberth M, Koethe D, Cheng TM, Krzyszton ND, Schoeffmann S, Guest PC, Rahmoune
H, Harris LW, Kranaster L, Leweke FM, Bahn S. Mol Psychiatry. 2010 Jun 29. [Epub
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Olanzapine-induced accumulation of adipose
tissue is associated with an inflammatory state.
Victoriano M, de Beaurepaire R, Naour N, Guerre-Millo M, Quignard-Boulangé A,
Huneau JF, Mathé V, Tomé D, Hermier D. Brain Res. 2010 Sep 2;1350:167-75. Epub
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Singer O, Price J, Mercola M, Itkin-Ansari P, Levine F. J Biomol Screen. 2010
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Association of HTR2C, but not LEP or
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Atypical Antipsychotics Rapidly and
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Metabolic Flexibility in Rodents.
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Elich TD, Lang CH, Lynch CJ.Schizophr Bull. 2010 May 21. [Epub ahead of print]
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Potential mechanisms of atypical
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20467177 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free Article
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A parametric study of the acute effects of
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Boyda HN, Tse L, Procyshyn RM, Wong D, Wu TK, Pang CC, Barr AM. Prog
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The effect of metformin on anthropometrics
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Ehret M, Goethe J, Lanosa M, Coleman CI. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010
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